{"id":11338,"date":"2026-08-25T13:21:09","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T13:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/?p=11338"},"modified":"2026-09-03T10:26:29","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T10:26:29","slug":"22-%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/22-solvable-design-problems-in-pcb-manufacturing-and-dfm-analysis-reference\/","title":{"rendered":"22 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (DFM) \u2014 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"<nav aria-label=\"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\" class=\"rank-math-breadcrumb\"><p><span class=\"last\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p><\/nav>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-x-large-font-size\"><strong>22 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)<\/strong> <strong>\u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (DFM)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/pcb\/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a9\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/pcb\/pcb-manufacturing\/\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/a>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a CAM\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 22 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u00bb (DFM) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0640 DFM \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)\u061f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DFM \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u00bb (Design for Manufacturability). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a DFM \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (DFM) \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB). \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0635 DFM \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 PCB DFM \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>22 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (DFM)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a 22 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Geyuan Electronics. \u0643\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0633\u062f\u0649. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 22 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.&nbsp;<strong>\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a Gerber \u0623\u0648 ODB++ \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (BOM)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a IPC\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.&nbsp;<strong>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0645\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u00bb. \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u00ab\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u00bb \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa\/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/capabilities\/circuit-design\/\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.&nbsp;<strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.&nbsp;<strong>\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a<a href=\"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/pcb\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/pcb\/\"> \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCBs)<\/a>, \u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (vias)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 (\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\/\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629). \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.&nbsp;<strong>\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u00b12 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 2 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9.&nbsp;<strong>\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 4 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11.&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u201c\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u00ab\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629\u00bb. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12.&nbsp;<strong>\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.&nbsp;<strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u00bb (DFA) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (DFA) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14.&nbsp;<strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 DFM\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a XY\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a DNI\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a SI\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15.&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (SMT). \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16.&nbsp;<strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (BOM)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (BOM)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">17.&nbsp;<strong>\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (BOM) \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 (CAD)\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">18.&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062d. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 QFP\/QFN \u0623\u0648 POP \u0623\u0648 BGA. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">19.&nbsp;<strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">20.&nbsp;<strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (SMT)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (SMT) \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">21.&nbsp;<strong>\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">22.&nbsp;<strong>\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a DFM \u0648DFA \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f. \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 DFM\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (DFM) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (DFM) \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (DFM) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a (AOI)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643) (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 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class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a 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\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 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\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 DFM \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 DFM \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u00ab\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a\u00bb\u060c \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 (\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMC) \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 DFM (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a (EMS) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u00ab\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633\u00bb \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a (EMS)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c, <a href=\"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa\/%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a9\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/services\/printed-circuit-board-assembly\/\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/a>, \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (HDI)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645. \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u00bb (DFM). \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (DFM) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 Geyuan Electronics. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>22 Solvable Design Problems in PCB Manufacturing and DFM Analysis Reference During the planning phase of a new project, companies of all types typically focus on the technical and financial aspects of PCB mass production. In this process, PCB manufacturing costs must be minimized, and design modifications should be avoided, otherwise profit margins will be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,17,9,24,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-all-blog","category-electronic-manufacturing-blog","category-pcb-blog","category-pcb-design-blog","category-pcb-manufacturing-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11338"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11338\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11338"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11338"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}