{"id":13716,"date":"2026-10-24T07:24:13","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T07:24:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/?p=13716"},"modified":"2026-10-24T07:29:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T07:29:40","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%ba%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d8%ac%d9%85-%d9%88%d9%85%d9%88%d9%82%d8%b9-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/how-should-the-size-location-and-solder-mask-of-vias-within-pcb-pads-be-controlled\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 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href=\"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/pcb\/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a9\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/pcb\/pcb-manufacturing\/\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 X \u0648 Y\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 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\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628\u00bb (via) \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 Z (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a) \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629). \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 X \u0648 Y\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0632\u0645 BGA \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629<\/td><td>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627: \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 = \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a + 0.20~0.30 \u0645\u0645 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 8.0~12.0 \u0645\u064a\u0644)\u061b\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 = \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a + 0.10-0.20 \u0645\u0645 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.0-8.0 \u0645\u064a\u0644).&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f 0.50 \u0645\u0644\u0645 (20.0 \u0645\u064a\u0644).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IPC-7351. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IPC-7351 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IPC-7351 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 0.25 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 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\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 15\u00b0 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 15\u00b0. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 0.4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 500 \u0645\u0645\u00b2)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 0.05 \u0645\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 (\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u201d\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u00abVia\u00bb \u0648\u00abPad\u00bb<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u201d. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/strong> <strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 (Dv) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (Dp)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 Dv \u2264 1\/2 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 Dp\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u2265 0.1 \u0645\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/td><td>\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 Dp = 0.3 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0640 Dv \u0647\u0648 0.15 \u0645\u0645 (0.3 \u00d7 1\/2). \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 = (0.3 \u2013 0.15) \/ 2 = 0.075 \u0645\u0645 (\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 0.1 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u061b \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Dv = 0.12 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.09 \u0645\u0645).\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 Dp = 0.4 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a Dv 0.2 \u0645\u0645 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 = (0.4 \u2013 0.2) \/ 2 = 0.1 \u0645\u0645 (\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 (Dv) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u2265 0.1 \u0645\u0645\u061b;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/td><td>\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 0.3 \u0645\u0645 \u00d7 0.3 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Dv 0.15 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a 0.075 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 (\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Dv \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.12 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 0.09 \u0645\u0645).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 Dv \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (\u0623\u064a Dv &gt; Dp) \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 10%.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.&nbsp;<strong>\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 (\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 Dv \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.05-0.1 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 0402 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.15 \u0645\u0645\u060c Dv = 0.1-0.12 \u0645\u0645) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 Dv \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.05-0.1 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 0.2 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 Dv = 0.25-0.3 \u0645\u0645) \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/td><td>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 0402\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Dp \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 0.3 \u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Dv \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 0.2 \u0645\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 1\/2)\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 0.05 \u0645\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a 15%. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 Dv \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.12 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a 0.09 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.2%.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639<\/strong> <strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong> <strong>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 (&lt;0.05 \u0645\u0645). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u2264 0.05 \u0645\u0645 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1\/3 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 0.03 \u0645\u0645\u061b;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Dv = 0.15 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 Dp = 0.4 \u0645\u0645. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 0.05 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 = (0.4 - 0.15)\/2 - 0.05 = 0.125 - 0.05 = 0.075 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 = 0.125 + 0.05 = 0.175 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.1 \u0645\u0645 (\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 0.08 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.045 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a): \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 0.03 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.05 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 5%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u22650.08 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 = (\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628) \/ 2 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629\u061b;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Dp=0.4 \u0645\u0645\u060c Dv=0.2 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 0.03 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 = (0.4-0.2)\/2 -0.03=0.1-0.03=0.07 \u0645\u0645 (\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 0.08 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.02 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 0.08 \u0645\u0645).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648<\/strong> <strong>\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/strong> <strong>\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.&nbsp;<strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.1-0.2 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 (\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.05-0.1 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/td><td>\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 Dp 0.4 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 0.4 + 0.2 = 0.6 \u0645\u0645 (\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.1 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (\u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 0.05 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u201c\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u201d.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 (\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628)\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 (\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u2265 80%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 (\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 (\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u2264 0.03 \u0645\u0645) \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c,<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/strong> <strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628<\/strong> <strong>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u226535 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (1 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0635\u0629). \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u22640.03 \u0645\u0645) \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 0.05 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 20%).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td><td>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (vias) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d LED \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 0603 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 1 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 120 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 85 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 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\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629). \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.3 \u06480.6 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.5 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 0.4 \u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 0.8-1.0 \u0645\u0645) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 5 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u22651.0 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u22652.0 \u0645\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u201c\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 4-6 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628) \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (vias) \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u22650.5 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u22651.0 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u22650.8 \u0645\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632). \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u201d (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 0.4 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.6 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u2265 1 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 20-30 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u064830-40 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.2-0.4 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0630\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 50 \u0623\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 FR-4 (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 4.4)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 0.4 \u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 0.8 \u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 1.2 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2264 -15 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u062f\u00bb \u0648<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 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\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 BGA \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628<\/td><td>\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (5G) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627 (\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u062f\u0633) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (HDI).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d LED \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645 BGA \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 0.8 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (BOM): \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a HDI \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 (IoT) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How should the size, location, and solder mask of vias within PCB pads be controlled? In PCB design, vias (through-holes), blind vias (semi-through-holes), and buried vias (inner layer vias) are core structures for achieving interlayer electrical connections. Their design rationality directly affects the PCB&#8217;s signal integrity, mechanical strength, and manufacturing feasibility. Specifications need to be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9,24,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-all-blog","category-pcb-blog","category-pcb-design-blog","category-pcb-manufacturing-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13716\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geyuanelectronics.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}